The persistent luminescence emitter according to claim 1, wherein an electron donor molecule in an oxidized state and an electron acceptor molecule in a reduced state are generated by photo-irradiation of the persistent luminescence emitter, a hole of the electron donor molecule in an oxidized state and an electron of the electron acceptor molecule in a reduced state are recombined to generate a charge-transfer excited state between the electron donor molecule and the electron acceptor molecule.ġ1. The persistent luminescence emitter according to claim 1, wherein the electron acceptor molecule forms a neutral radical by the electron transfer.ġ0. The persistent luminescence emitter according to claim 1, which comprises the electron acceptor molecule in an amount of at most 10 mol % based on the total amount by mole of the electron donor molecule and the electron acceptor molecule.ĩ. The persistent luminescence emitter according to claim 6, wherein the electron acceptor molecule is an organic photoredox catalyst.Ĩ. The persistent luminescence emitter according to claim 1, wherein the electron acceptor molecule is cationic.ħ. The persistent luminescence emitter according to claim 1, wherein the electron acceptor molecule has a lower HOMO level than the electron donor molecule.Ħ. The long persistent luminescence emitter according to claim 1, wherein after photo-irradiation of the persistent luminescence emitter stops, the emission intensity decay follows a power law.ĥ. The persistent luminescence emitter according to claim 1, wherein after photo-irradiation of the persistent luminescence emitter stops, emission intensity decays non-exponentially.Ĥ. The persistent luminescence emitter according to claim 1, wherein an electron transfer occurs from the electron donor molecule to the electron acceptor molecule by photo-irradiation of the persistent luminescence emitter.ģ. A persistent luminescence emitter emitting light for 0.1 seconds or longer after photo-irradiation of the persistent luminescence emitter stops, wherein: the persistent luminescence emitter comprises at least 70 mol % of an electron donor molecule and less than 30 mol % of an electron acceptor molecule, based on the total amount by mole of the electron donor molecule and the electron acceptor molecule, and emission intensity increases by temperature rise after photo-irradiation of the persistent luminescence emitter stops.Ģ. Instead, it is more correct to speak of potential of electrolyte reduction at negative potentials, and of potential of solvent oxidation at positive potentials.1. In this opinion we provide a correct thermodynamic representation for the electrochemical stability of the electrolyte, based on redox potentials and Fermi level of the electron in solution, and demonstrate that the use of terms HOMO and LUMO should be avoided when talking about the electrochemical stability of electrolytes. Presence of electrolytes and other molecules can also significantly affect the redox potentials of the solvent leading to offset as high as 4 eV from the HOMO energies. While redox potentials in some cases show strong correlation with HOMO energies, the offset can be of several eVs.
#Homo vs lumo free
On the other hand, redox potentials are directly related to the Gibbs free energy difference of the reactants and products. HOMO and LUMO are concepts derived from approximated electronic structure theory while investigating electronic properties of isolated molecules, and their energy levels do not indicate species participating in redox reactions. A widespread misconception in the lithium ion battery literature is the equality of the energy difference of HOMO and LUMO of the solvent with the electrochemical stability window.